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bbchris Princess Of Hongkong
Joined: 01 Jan 2002 Posts: 11441 Location: Hong Kong
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MIKE BURN Generally Crazy Guy
Joined: 08 Nov 2001 Posts: 4825 Location: Frankfurt / Europe
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MIKE BURN Generally Crazy Guy
Joined: 08 Nov 2001 Posts: 4825 Location: Frankfurt / Europe
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Posted: Wed Jul 28, 2004 4:05 pm Post subject: Re: Incredible website on Great Pyramid at Giza.. |
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The circle is a perfect, though mysterious, shape. It appears daily in the heavens as the sun; and monthly, as the moon. It can appear as an artifact of nature on the surface of the Earth as can be seen, for instance, in a perimeter made in grass by a tethered grazing animal.
The ancient Egyptians had gained an awareness of the fact that there is always a constant relationship between the circumference (perimeter) of a circle and the diameter of that same circle.
This is the relationship we now call Pi. It is a value equal to 3.14159...., the dots signifying that the fractional part of this number has no known finite end.
There is a surviving document which shows that the Egyptians were in the habit of using a value for Pi equal to the square of (8/9 x 2), or almost exactly 3.16 in decimal notation.
In the same way that the constancy of the Pi ratio is an unexpected property of circles, so is the fact that the length of the radius of any circle, when inscribed around the inside of its circle, will fit precisely six times.
By drawing radii from the circle's center to each spot where the sides of the hexagon meet the circle, six equal triangles can be formed.
Egyptians clearly did use what has been termed "nonsymbolic arguments" which are "quite rigorous" in their mathematics.
They also had the mathematical ability to handle very involved computations, and there is little question that they had the ingenuity to have devised a method on the order of what is being here described.
It is additionally possible that they could well have contrived a way to refine a trigonometric table to increments even smaller than 1 1/2 degrees.
You might ask, "so what is the big deal about the possibility of the ancient Egyptians having developed trigonometry ?".
Other than the obvious benefit trigonometry lends to such disciplines as architecture and land surveying, it also makes possible the ability to accurately determine the size of the Earth.
The length of a side of the Great Pyramid was intentionally designed to equal 1/8th of a minute of latitude, then the supposition must be that the Egyptian architect was employing a circular measurement system of 360 with further subdivisions of 60 minutes per degree.
The idea of a circle being divided into 360 parts (degrees) first appears in the currently known written historical record as an innovation of the Babylonian culture (today IRAQ !!!!!) a few hundred years prior to the birth of Christ. The division of each degree into 60 'minutes', and each minute into 60 'seconds', etc., is of Babylonian (via Sumerian) provenance as well.
The Egyptians introduced a 365 day calendar shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in about 3,000 B.C.
With this change, the year was divided into three seasons, each containing four '30 day' months. Each of these months was next further divided into three ten day weeks.
As a result, a year contained 36 ten day weeks for a total of 360 days, with the calendar year's five remaining days being added somewhat ceremoniously to the end of this 360 day period.
It is interesting to note that these five added days were not always considered (perhaps for religious reasons) to be a legitimate part of the more preferable 360 day per year cycle.
In addition to this correlation, the number 360 has a direct connection with the sun itself. The sun has an apparent diameter of just over 1/2 of a degree, or about 1/720th of a full circular rotation of the sky.
River fog conditions will often allow the sun's disk to be clearly viewed for brief periods with the naked eye, thus making the task of measuring of the sun's relative apparent diameter a fairly simple undertaking along a river such as the Nile. (The apparent diameter of the full moon, though somewhat variable, is also almost exactly 1/2 of a degree.)
On a daily basis, due to the Earth's progress in its orbit, the sun appears to move the equivalence of two of its own diameters (i.e., about 1/360th of a full rotation) eastward through the heavens relative to the fixed stars.
The Egyptians were very concerned with recording the first visibility immediately before sunrise of various stars, and so would certainly have been well aware of the sun's daily eastward displacement relative to these stars.
As can be construed by the length of the perimeter of the Great Pyramid, Egyptian architects were aware of a base sixty system, and chose to divide a circle into 360 degrees.
There is evidence that the measurement unit known as the Royal Cubit was already in use as much as one hundred years prior to the building of the Great Pyramid, and perhaps even somewhat earlier.
It was the standard length that was used to measure building dimensions, land holdings, grain quantites, etc., throughout Egyptian antiquity. It would appear, then, that the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt precipitated not only a standardization of the length of the year to 365 days, but also the standardization of the foremost Egyptian unit of measurement.
The Royal Cubit, as employed during the Old Kingdom, is generally understood to have been 524 millimeters +/- 2 mm ( 20.63 inches) in length.
It can be assumed that prior to the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt a number of different standards of measure would have been found in use as one traveled up and down the Nile. Some of these, if not all, were certainly based on hand, forearm, or foot length and some undoubtedly provided lengths either near to the Royal Cubit length or near to equal subdivisions of it.
Seeking to standardize these preexisting measures, and having made a determination of the full circumference of the Earth, it would have been eminently fitting to make the new unit a specific fraction of this circumference. (The meter was originally defined in exactly this way in the late 18th century of the present era.)
There is little doubt that Egypt was a source of inspiration to the development of Greek mathematics and science, and it may be that the secrets of the inscribed pentagon found its way to Greek soil as a result of these pilgrimages.
However, it must be recognized that the possibility exists that the geometrical knowledge received by Thales, Pythagoras and others from Egyptian sources may have contained only glimmers of the whole of the trigonometry derivation technique. Egyptian priests may have felt it wise to show these seekers only selective parts of the ancient knowledge, or perhaps, the priests themselves no longer recognized the full significance and context of what surviving information they themselves had access to.
It may therefore be that the Greek geometers, having been given their lead by the Egyptians, were then able to independently construct and reforge the route to trigonometry.
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ED1G PIGGY MOONRUST
Joined: 31 Oct 2002 Posts: 2644
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ED1G PIGGY MOONRUST
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Sterling30sg
Joined: 03 Sep 2002 Posts: 186
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Posted: Wed Jul 28, 2004 6:23 pm Post subject: Re: Incredible website on Great Pyramid at Giza.. |
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"The Egyptians introduced a 365 day calendar shortly after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in about 3,000 B.C."
How did the Maya & Axtec's get the same calendar with an extra day for leap years every 4 yeaes???
Who introduced that to them???
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ilikepie2
Joined: 08 Oct 2003 Posts: 371
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Posted: Wed Jul 28, 2004 6:25 pm Post subject: Re: Incredible website on Great Pyramid at Giza.. |
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spacemen.
Bud Bennett
homepage :
stained glass :
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Sterling30sg
Joined: 03 Sep 2002 Posts: 186
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Posted: Wed Jul 28, 2004 6:33 pm Post subject: Re: Incredible website on Great Pyramid at Giza.. |
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Try the Summarians, they were crossing the ocean at least 3000 years ago, probably longer than that.
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bbchris Princess Of Hongkong
Joined: 01 Jan 2002 Posts: 11441 Location: Hong Kong
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Sterling30sg
Joined: 03 Sep 2002 Posts: 186
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Posted: Thu Jul 29, 2004 3:17 am Post subject: Let's get back to the Atlantis theory... |
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More evidense..
www.atlantisrising.com/issue8/ar8pyramids.html
ANCIENT LEGENDS AND MODERN RESEARCH CONFIRM EACH OTHER
When we look at mythic history for the story of the origins of the Great Pyramid, we discover that the monument was not attributed to any Pharaoh, but was the product of the genius and higher learning of the Gods of Old. Time and time again, from the Roman Marcellinus to the Coptic Al Masudi and the Arab Ibn Abd Alhokim, the recounters of the ancient legends tell how the Pyramid was built to preserve the knowledge of a magnificent civilization from destruction by a Flood, and that it was this Flood which brought the Age of the Gods to its tragic end. The various Chronologies of Legendary Rulers place a minimum date for the Age of the Gods as circa 10,000 B.C. This is the time frame Plato, in his Timaeus and Critias, ascribed the destruction of Atlantis. And it is also this date, as can be proven in modern scientific studies, which was highlighted by major climatic, geologic and geomagnetic disturbances, accompanied by massive paleo-biological extinctions in the planet, marking the division point between the Ice Age and the Present Era.
In Egypt, geologists examining the fossil record have found that the combined effect of melting glaciers in the Mountains of the Moon, plus a sharp rise in precipitation levels in Central Africa, caused the Nile river circa 10,000 B.C. to swell in size a thousandfold, eroding away cliff walls miles from its present banks, and washing out its entire valley throughout the length of Egypt. At the same time, as the Mediterranean Sea began to fill and rise due to higher ocean levels from melting northern glaciers, its waters for a brief period also flooded the lower Nile valley. These, geologists are certain, are the last major flood events in Egypt’s fossil history, before the sea retreated and the Nile settled down to today’s relatively peaceful, winding flow. Yet, knowing this, geologists are hard pressed to explain why there existed a fourteen-foot layer of silt sediment around the base of the Pyramid, a layer which also contained many seashells, and the fossil of a sea cow, all of which were dated by radiocarbon methods to 11,600 B.P. (Before Present) plus or minus 300 years.
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Sterling30sg
Joined: 03 Sep 2002 Posts: 186
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bbchris Princess Of Hongkong
Joined: 01 Jan 2002 Posts: 11441 Location: Hong Kong
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Sterling30sg
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Posted: Fri Jul 30, 2004 3:29 pm Post subject: There's much more Chris.. |
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There are stone bathtubs with two pipes running into them, one for hot and one for cold water and there are many more beautiful murals besides what's here.. These photos are from a city on the island of Thera that is estimated to be large enough to house 100,000 people before Thera erupted and only 2 blocks from this city have been escavated. And this is just one of several cities that is known about that lie under vocanic ash,,
Just imagine what the entire city escavated could reveal...
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Sterling30sg
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